Enhancing Nationally Determined Contributions: Opportunities for Ocean-Based Climate Action

This guidance outlines the best ways countries can use ocean-based action to curb greenhouse gas emissions and better adapt to the impacts of climate change. It presents a set of options for ocean-based sectoral mitigation targets, policies, or measures for countries to include in new or updated NDCs. It also includes a set of options for ocean-based adaptation measures for those countries that continue to include an adaptation component in their NDCs. This resource focuses on four ocean-based subsectors that have the greatest potential to curb emissions and deliver significant other benefits: marine conservation (coastal and marine ecosystem restoration and protection), oceanic and coastal fisheries, marine transport, and ocean-based renewable energy.